Click on the links below for quick access to examples citing:
| Author | Date | Title | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
|
Artist. -or- Photographer. -or- Author(s). |
(Year). -or- (Year, Month Day). |
Title of work [Description]. |
Museum Name, Museum Location. URL* -or- Site Name. URL -or- Department Name, University Name. URL |
*Include the URL for artwork from a museum website.
For untitled art, include a description in square brackets in place of the title.
Examples:
Dali, S. (1931). The persistence of memory [Painting]. Museum of Modern Art, New York, NY, United States.
Lange, D. (1936). Migrant mother [Photograph]. Library of Congress. http://www.loc.gov/pictures/resource/fsa.8b29516/
Rinaldi, J. (2016). [Photograph series of a boy who finds his footing after abuse by those he trusted]. The Pulitzer Prizes. https://www.pulitzer.org/winners/jessica-rinaldi
Wood, G. (1930). American gothic [Painting]. Art Institute of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States. https://www.artic.edu/aic.collections/artwork/6565
Clipart or Stock Image Example:
GDJ. (2018). Neural network deep learning prismatic [Clip art]. Openclipart. https://openclipart.org/detail/309343/neuarl-network-deep-learning-prismatic
PowerPoint slides or lecture notes Example:
Housand, B. (2016). Game on! Integrating games and simulations in the classroom [PowerPoint slides]. SlideShare. https://www.slideshare.net/brianhousand/game-on-iagc-2016
APA Manual pp 346-347, Section 10.14
| Author | Date | Title | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
|
Director (Director). -or- Producer (Executive Producer). -or- Host(s) (Host). |
(Year). -or- (Active time span). -or- (Year, Month Day). |
Title of work [Description]. |
Production Company. URL* -or- Label. URL -or- |
| Author | Date | Title | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
|
Writer (Writer). -or- Director (Director). -or- Producer (Producer). -or- Host(s) (Host). |
(Year). -or- (Year, Month Day). |
Title of episode (Season No., Episode No.)[Description]. |
In Producer (Executive Producer), Title of TV series. Production Company. URL* -or- In Title of podcast. Production Company. URL |
*The URL is not needed in most instances.
Film and TV Series Examples:
Johnston, J. (Director). (2011). Captain America: The first avenger [Film]. Paramount.
Simon, D., Colesberry, R.F., & Kostroff Noble, N. (Executive Producers). (2002-2008). The wire [TV series]. Blown Deadline Productions; HBO.
TV Series Episode or Webisode Examples:
Barris, K. (Writer & Director). (2017, January 11). Lemons (Season 3, Episode 120 [TV series episode]. In K. Barris, J. Groff, A. Anderson, E.B. Dobbins, L. Fishburne, & H. Sugland (Executive Producers), Black-ish. Wimore Films; Artists First; Cinema Gypsy Productions; ABC Studios.
Oakley, B. (Writer), Weinstein, J. (Writer), & Lynch, J. (Director). (1995, May 21). Who shot Mr. Burns? (Part one) (Season 6, Episode 25) [TV series episode]. In D. Mirkin, J.L. Brooks, M. Groening, & S. Simon (Executive Producers), The Simpsons. Gracie Films; Twentieth Century Fox Film Corporation.
APA Manual pp. 342-343, Section 10.12
| Author | Date | Title | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
|
Uploader. |
(Year, Month Day). |
Title of work [Description]. |
Site Name. URL |
Examples:
Cutts, S. (2017, November 24). Happiness [Video]. Vimeo. https://vimeo.com/244405542
Fogarty, M. [Grammar Girl]. (2016, September 30). How to diagram a sentence (absolute basics) [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qm1xGfOZJc8
Harvard University. (2019, August 28). Soft robotic gripper for jellyfish [Video]. YouTube. https://youtu.be/guRoWTYfxMs
Miami University. (2013, February 7). Miami University: Love and Honor (trailer) [Video]. YouTube. http://youtu.be/O2ffDHW3Ozk
APA Manual p. 344, Section 10.12
| Author | Date | Title | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
|
Speaker or presenter. |
(Year). -or- (Year, Month Day). |
Title of work [Description]. |
Site Name. URL -or- Publisher. URL |
**For TED talks posted on YouTube, follow the YouTube/Streaming Video format.
**Cite unrecorded webinars as personal communications (APA Manual Section 8.9).
TED Talk Example:
Gierts, S. (2018). Why you should make useless things [Video]. TED Conferences. https://www.ted.com/talks/simone_giertz_why_you_should_ make_useless_things
Recorded Webinar Example:
Goldberg, J.F. (2018). Evaluating adverse drug effects [Webinar]. American Psychiatric Association. https://education.psychiatry.org/Users/ProductDetails.aspx?ActivityID=6172
APA Manual pp. 343-344, Section 10.12
| Author | Date | Title | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
|
Host. |
(Year, Month Day). |
Episode Title (Number of Episode) [Audio podcast episode]. In Podcast name. |
Publisher or Production Company. URL |
Example:
Vogt, P. J., & Goldman, A. (Hosts). (2016, May 12). On the inside (No. 64) [Audio podcast episode]. In Reply all. Gimlet. https://gimletmedia.com/shows/reply-all/brho4v/64-on-the-inside
| Media Type | Include as the Author |
|---|---|
| Film | Director |
| TV Series | Executive Producer(s) |
| TV Series episode | Writer and director of episode |
| Podcast | Host or executive producer |
| Podcast episode | Host of episode |
| Webinar | Instructor |
| Classical music album or song | Composer |
| Modern music album or song | Recording Artist |
| Artwork | Artist |
| Online Streaming Video | Person or group who uploaded the video |
| Photograph | Photographer |
| Author | Date | Title | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
|
Composer(s). -or- Artist(s). -or- Host(s). |
(Year) -or- (Year, Month Day). -or- (Years active) |
Title of work [Description]. -or- Title of song [Description]. -or- Title of episode (Episode No.) [Description]. |
Label. -or- On Title of album. Label. -or- In Title of podcast. Production Company. URL |
*If the song has no associated album (as in the Childish Gambino example), omit that part of the reference.
*Include a URL in the reference if that is the only means of retrieval, such as with artists who use SoundCloud.
Album Example:
Bowie, D. (2016). Blackstar [Album]. Columbia.
Song Examples:
Childish Gambino. (2018). This is America [Song]. mcDJ; RCA.
Lamar, K. (2017). Humble [Song]. On Damn. Aftermath Entertainment; Interscope Records; Top Dawg Entertainment.
Podcast Examples:
Full show: Vedantam, S. (Host). (2015-present). Hidden brain [Audio podcast]. NPR. https://www.npr.org/series/423302056/hidden-brain
Episode: Glass, I. (Host). (2011, August 12). Amusement park (No. 443) [Audio podcast episode]. In This American life. WBEZ Chicago. https://www.thisamericanlife.org/radio-archives/episode/443/amusement-park
APA Manual pp. 344-345, Section 10.13
| Author | Date | Title | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
|
Author(s). -or- Name of Group. |
(Year) |
Title of work (Version No.) [Description]. -or- Name of apparatus or equipment (Model No.) [Description]. -or- Title of entry. |
Publisher. URL -or- App Store. URL -or- Google Play Store. URL -or- In Title of work (Version No.) [Mobile app]. Publisher Name or App Store. URL |
Software Example:
Borenstein, M., Hedges, L., Higgins, J., & Rothstein, H. (2014). Comprehensive meta-analysis (Version 3.3.070) [Computer software]. Biostat. https://www.meta-analysis.com/
Apparatus or Equipment Examples:
SR Research. (2016). Eyelink 1000 plus [Apparatus and software]. https://www.sr-research.com/eyelink-1000-plus/
Tactile Labs. (2015). Latero tactile display [Apparatus]. http://tactilelabs.com/products/haptics/latero-tactile-display/
Mobile App Example:
Epocrates. (2019). Epocrates medical references (Version 18.12) [Mobile app]. App Store. https://apps.apple.com/us/app/epocrates/id281935788
Entry in a mobile app reference work: Epocrates. (2019). Interaction check: Aspirin + sertraline. In Epocrates medical references (Version 18.12) [Mobile app]. Google Play Store. https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.epocrates&hl=en_US
APA Manual pp. 338-340, Section 10.10