Click on the links below for quick access to examples citing:
| Author | Title | Source | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Author(s) | Title of book. |
Publisher; -or- Format. Publisher; |
Year. DOI or URL |
|
Editor, ed. -or- Editors, eds. |
Title of book. |
Publisher; -or- Vol no. Nth ed. Publisher; |
Year. DOI or URL |
**Notes:
Examples:
AMA Manual, Section 3.12.11
| Chapter Author | Chapter Title | Source | Date, Page Numbers, and URL |
|---|---|---|---|
| Author(s). | Title of Chapter |
In: Editor, ed, Title of book. Publisher; -or- In: Editors, eds. Title of book. Nth ed. Publisher; |
Year:page range or chapter number. Accessed Month day, year. URL |
Example:
AMA Manual, Section 3.12.11
| Author | Title | Journal Abbreviation | Issue Specifics |
|---|---|---|---|
| Author(s). | Title of article. |
Journal Title Abbreviation. |
Year;volume(Issue):page range. DOI or Year;volume(Issue):page range. Accessed Month day, year. URL |
**Some online journals do not have page numbers. Use the article number instead. Reference 3 is an example.
Examples:
AMA Manual, Section 3.11
| Author | Title | Type | Source and Access Information |
|---|---|---|---|
| Author(s). |
Title of thesis or dissertation. |
Dissertation. -or- Master's thesis. |
University or Institution; Year. Accessed Month day, year. URL |
*If a thesis has been published, it should be written in the format of a book.
Example:
AMA Manual, Section 3.13.4
| Author | Title | Source | Date and Access Information |
|---|---|---|---|
| Author(s). |
Article Title |
Newspaper name. |
Publication Month day, year. Accessed Month day, year. URL |
Examples:
Scott M. More than 60 treated in hospital after Townsville music festival. The Australian. May 7, 2019. Accessed September 7, 2020. https://www.theaustralian.com.au/nation/more-than-60-treated-in-hospital-after-townsville-music-festival/news-story/f4b6a403939ed34b0c18d426becb9533
Ikonomou T. Townsville’s rising obesity numbers among shocking health statistics. Townsville Bulletin. November, 14, 2018. Accessed September 9, 2020. https://www.townsvillebulletin.com.au/news/townsville/townsvilles-rising-obesity-numbers-among-shocking-health-statistics/news-story/47c5f163d537ba20353e0572901ea19e
News and media releases take the following format:
AMA Manual, Sections 3.13.1 and 3.15.10
| Entry Author | Title | Source | Publication Date and Access Information |
|---|---|---|---|
| Author(s). | Title of entry. |
In: Editor, ed. Title of book. Vol no. Nth ed. Publisher; -or- In: Editors, eds. Title of book. Vol no. Nth ed. Publisher; |
Year. Accessed Month day, year. URL |
| Name of Group | Title of entry. | In: Title of book. Vol no. Nth ed. Publisher; |
Year. Accessed Month day, year. URL |
*If no author is available, start with the entry title. Only include edition and volume information within the citation if it is available.
Examples:
| Author | Title | Source | Date and Access Information |
|---|---|---|---|
|
Author(s) -or- Government Agency |
Title of report. |
Name of Issuing Bureau, Agency, or Department; |
Publication year. Publication Number. Accessed Month day, year. URL |
Example:
AMA Manual, Section 3.13.2
In AMA style your bibliography should be called Reference List.
Within your Reference List, your references should be listed in numerical order (two references should not be combined under a single reference number) as opposed to alphabetically. The numerical order is based on the order in which the sources were first cited in the document.
Do not begin the reference list on a new page, but place it at the end of your document, after a space or a line. It follows any article information or acknowledgments. Put the word "References" in all caps, and in line with the left-hand margin. Format the numbers as per normal numbering style, single spaced.
In AMA style, online and print references are formatted largely the same. All references generally include the author, title, source, and date, with the source element showing the difference between online and print. Online source elements will include their corresponding DOI and URL when available.
| Author | Title | Source | Date and Access Information |
|---|---|---|---|
|
Author(s). Name of Group. |
Title of work. |
Site Name. |
Publication date. Accessed Month day, year. URL |
Examples:
AMA Manual, Section 3.15.3
| Author | Title | Date | Access Information |
|---|---|---|---|
|
Twitter and Instagram: @username. Facebook: Author Facebook page. Name of Group Facebook page. |
Content of the post. |
Publication Month day, year. |
Accessed Month day, year. URL |
If the tweet or status update includes an image, a video, a poll, or a thumbnail image with a link, indicate that in brackets after the title: [Image attached], [Video attached], [Thumbnail with link attached].
Tweet Example:
Facebook Post Example:
AMA Manual, Section 3.15.4
| Author | Title | Conference Details | Access Information |
|---|---|---|---|
| Author(s). | Title of article. |
Type of contribution presented at: Name of Conference. Date of conference; Year; City, Country or State Abbreviation. |
Accessed Month, day, year. URL -or- Videocast/Transcript/Abstract available at: URL |
Type of contribution is flexible (e.g., “Conference session,” “Paper presentation,” “Poster session,” “Keynote address”).
Examples:
Papers presented at a conference, symposium or meeting, unpublished or only available from the conference website
Maddox S, Hurling J, Stewart E, Edwards A. If mama ain't happy, nobody's happy: the effect of parental depression on mood dysregulation in children. Paper presented at: Southeastern Psychologica Association 62nd Annual Meeting; March 30-April 2, 2016; New Orleans, LA.
Pearson J. Fat talk and its effects on state-based body image in women. Poster presented at: Australian Psychological Society Congress; September 21-30, 2018; Sydney, Australia.
Baydorova I, Collins H, Ait Saadi, I. Matching student and supervisor expectations in Malaysian doctoral education. Paper presented at: Australian Association for Research in Education Conference; November 26-30, 2017; Canberra, Australia. Abstract available at: https://www.aare.edu.au/publications/aare-conference-papers/show/13007/matching-student-and-supervisor-expectations-in-malaysian-doctoral-education
Published papers
Papers from conferences, symposia and meetings are usually published as part of a special issue of a journal, as a monograph (book) of the conference proceedings, or as a document on a website. Once a presentation is published, use the pattern for the book, journal, or other medium in which they are published.
Morgan R, Meldrum K, Bryan S, et al. Embedding digital literacies in curricula: Australian and Malaysian experiences. In: Teh GB, Choy SC, eds. Empowering 21st century learners through holistic and enterprising learning: selected papers from Tunku Abdul Rahman University College International Conference 2016. Springer Singapore; 2017:11-19.
Huang G-M, Huang K-Y, Lee T-Y, Tzu-Ya Weng J. An interpretable rule-based diagnostic classification of diabetic nephropathy among type 2 diabetes patients. BMC Bioinformatics. 2015;16(suppl 1):S5. Selected articles from the Thirteenth Asia Pacific Bioinformatics Conference (APBC 2015). doi:10.1186/1471-2105-16-S1-S5
(Example 5 shows an article from a special issue of the journal that has been entirely dedicated to publishing papers from the conference).
Online conferences and webinars
AMA Manual, Sections 3.13.8 and 3.13.9
| Author | Title | Date | Access Information |
|---|---|---|---|
|
Author. |
Title of blog post. Title of website blog. |
Publication Month day, year. |
Accessed Month day, year. URL |
Example:
AMA Manual, Section 3.15.4
AMA Manual, Sections 3.14.3