CJS 211: Policing in America (Bailey): Citing Your Sources and Academic Integrity

APA

Watch Video: APA Citation Style for a quick introduction to APA citations.

See the APA Citation Style Guide for an excellent list of sample citations and guidance on doing in-text citations. Common example APA citations, including books, scholarly articles, and websites can be found on the right.

Consult the Purdue OWL Writing Lab APA Formatting and Style Guide for an overview of how the APA style works, both in writing your paper and in creating citations.

If you are interested in using a citation manager to gather your research source citations and format them as needed, see our Citation Managers guide.

You may also see the Citing Sources  page of the library site for a number of useful links and tips for information on how cite your sources and also some tools that will help you do so. And whatever you do, don't forget the ability to email yourself an APA, MLA, or Chicago citation from Articles & More and other databases. If you don't know how to do this, just ask me!

How can you be sure that the information you find through Google or the library is going to be useful for your assignment? Use the SIFT method to learn how to sort out the good stuff from the iffy stuff.  You can also consult our Avoiding Bad or Fake News guide.

*Design layout for SIFT based on shared image from the University of Oregon

Here are some helpful tips on identifying and avoiding plagiarism:

Here are some tips on preventing plagiarism when writing 

And, one more video on synthesizing information where you bring together your thoughts and the information you learn from other sources into your paper (citing where needed).

Avoiding Plagiarism: What Do I Need to Cite? 

Examples:

Ellison, C. W. (2009). Miami University, 1809-2009: Bicentennial perspectives. Ohio University Press.

Hicks, J.L. & Long, J.H. (Eds.) (2020) Makerspace for adults: Best practices and great projects. Rowman & Littlefield.

APA Manual pp. 321-322, Section 10.2

*If the journal article does not have a DOI and is from an academic research database, end the reference after the page range. If the journal article does not have a DOI but does have a URL that will resolve for readers (e.g., it is from an online journal that is not part of a database), include the URL of the article at the end of the reference.

Examples:

Grady, J. S., Her, M., Moreno, G., Perez, C., & Yelinek, J. (2019). Emotions in storybooks: A comparison of storybooks that represent ethnic and racial groups in the United States. Psychology of Popular Media Culture, 8(3), 207–217. https://doi.org/10.1037/ppm0000185

Guéguen, N., Jacob, C., & Morineau, T. (2010). What is in a name? An effect of similarity in computer-mediated communication. Electronic Journal of Applied Psychology, 6(2), 1-4. http://ojs.lib.swin.edu.au/index.php/ejap​

APA Manual pp. 316-317, Section 10.1 

• When the author of the webpage and the publisher of the website are the same, omit the publisher name to avoid repetition (as in the World Health Organization example).
• When contents of a page are meant to be updated over time but are not archived, include a retrieval date in the reference (as in the Fagan example).
• Use the webpage on a website format for articles from news websites such as CNN and HuffPost (these sites do not have associated daily or weekly newspapers). Use the newspaper article category for articles from newspaper websites such as The New York Times or The Washington Post.
• Create a reference to an open educational resources (OER) page only when the materials are available for download directly (i.e., the materials are on the page and/or can be downloaded as PDFs or other files). If you are directed to another website, create a reference to the specific webpage on that website where the materials can be retrieved. Use this format for material in any OER repository, such as OER Commons, OASIS, or MERLOT.

Webpage Examples:

Fagan, J. (2019, March 25). Nursing clinical brain. OER Commons. Retrieved September 17, 2019, from https://www.oercommons.org/authoring/53029-nursing-clinical-brain/view

National Institute of Mental Health. (2018, July). Anxiety disorders. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health. https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/anxiety-disorders/index.shtml

Woodyatt, A. (2019, September 10). Daytime naps once or twice a week may be linked to a healthy heart, researchers say. CNN. https://www.cnn.com/2019/09/10/health/nap-heart-health-wellness-intl-scli/index.html

World Health Organization. (2018, May 24). The top 10 causes of death. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/the-top-10-causes-of-death

Entire Web site:

• Do not create a reference or in-text citation for a whole website. To mention a website in general, and not any particular information on that site, provide the name of the website in the text and include the URL in parentheses. For example, you might mention that you used a website to create a survey.