APA
Watch Video: APA Citation Style for a quick introduction to APA citations.
See the APA Citation Style Guide for an excellent list of sample citations and guidance on doing in-text citations. Common example APA citations, including books, scholarly articles, and websites can be found on the right.
Consult the Purdue OWL Writing Lab APA Formatting and Style Guide for an overview of how the APA style works, both in writing your paper and in creating citations.
If you are interested in using a citation manager to gather your research source citations and format them as needed, see our Citation Managers guide.
You may also see the Citing Sources page of the library site for a number of useful links and tips for information on how cite your sources and also some tools that will help you do so. And whatever you do, don't forget the ability to email yourself an APA, MLA, or Chicago citation from Articles & More and other databases. If you don't know how to do this, just ask me!
How can you be sure that the information you find through Google or the library is going to be useful for your assignment? Use the SIFT method to learn how to sort out the good stuff from the iffy stuff. You can also consult our Avoiding Bad or Fake News guide.
*Design layout for SIFT based on shared image from the University of Oregon
Here are some helpful tips on identifying and avoiding plagiarism:
Here are some tips on preventing plagiarism when writing
And, one more video on synthesizing information where you bring together your thoughts and the information you learn from other sources into your paper (citing where needed).
Author | Date | Title | Source |
---|---|---|---|
Author(s) | (Year of Publication) |
Title of book. |
Publisher Name. |
Editor. (Ed.) -or- Editors. (Eds.) |
(Year of Publication) | Title of book. | Publisher Name. |
Examples:
Ellison, C. W. (2009). Miami University, 1809-2009: Bicentennial perspectives. Ohio University Press.
Hicks, J.L. & Long, J.H. (Eds.) (2020) Makerspace for adults: Best practices and great projects. Rowman & Littlefield.
APA Manual pp. 321-322, Section 10.2
Author | Date | Title | Source |
---|---|---|---|
Author(s). | (Year) |
Title of article |
Title of Journal, Volume(Issue), page range. DOI or URL* |
*If the journal article does not have a DOI and is from an academic research database, end the reference after the page range. If the journal article does not have a DOI but does have a URL that will resolve for readers (e.g., it is from an online journal that is not part of a database), include the URL of the article at the end of the reference.
Examples:
Grady, J. S., Her, M., Moreno, G., Perez, C., & Yelinek, J. (2019). Emotions in storybooks: A comparison of storybooks that represent ethnic and racial groups in the United States. Psychology of Popular Media Culture, 8(3), 207–217. https://doi.org/10.1037/ppm0000185
Guéguen, N., Jacob, C., & Morineau, T. (2010). What is in a name? An effect of similarity in computer-mediated communication. Electronic Journal of Applied Psychology, 6(2), 1-4. http://ojs.lib.swin.edu.au/index.php/ejap
APA Manual pp. 316-317, Section 10.1
Author | Date | Title | Source |
---|---|---|---|
Author(s). Name of Group. |
(Year, Month Day) (Year, Month) (Year) (n.d.) |
Title of work. |
Site Name. URL -or- Retrieved Month Day, Year from URL |
Webpage Examples:
Fagan, J. (2019, March 25). Nursing clinical brain. OER Commons. Retrieved September 17, 2019, from https://www.oercommons.org/authoring/53029-nursing-clinical-brain/view
National Institute of Mental Health. (2018, July). Anxiety disorders. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health. https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/anxiety-disorders/index.shtml
Woodyatt, A. (2019, September 10). Daytime naps once or twice a week may be linked to a healthy heart, researchers say. CNN. https://www.cnn.com/2019/09/10/health/nap-heart-health-wellness-intl-scli/index.html
World Health Organization. (2018, May 24). The top 10 causes of death. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/the-top-10-causes-of-death
Entire Web site:
Example:
Kidspsych is a wonderful interactive website for children (http://www.kidspsych.org).
APA Manual pp. 350-352, Section 10.16