| Author | Date | Title | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
|
Artist. -or- Photographer. -or- Author(s). |
(Year). -or- (Year, Month Day). |
Title of work [Description]. |
Museum Name, Museum Location. URL* -or- Site Name. URL -or- Department Name, University Name. URL |
*Include the URL for artwork from a museum website.
For untitled art, include a description in square brackets in place of the title.
Examples:
Dali, S. (1931). The persistence of memory [Painting]. Museum of Modern Art, New York, NY, United States.
Lange, D. (1936). Migrant mother [Photograph]. Library of Congress. http://www.loc.gov/pictures/resource/fsa.8b29516/
Rinaldi, J. (2016). [Photograph series of a boy who finds his footing after abuse by those he trusted]. The Pulitzer Prizes. https://www.pulitzer.org/winners/jessica-rinaldi
Wood, G. (1930). American gothic [Painting]. Art Institute of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States. https://www.artic.edu/aic.collections/artwork/6565
Clipart or Stock Image Example:
GDJ. (2018). Neural network deep learning prismatic [Clip art]. Openclipart. https://openclipart.org/detail/309343/neuarl-network-deep-learning-prismatic
PowerPoint slides or lecture notes Example:
Housand, B. (2016). Game on! Integrating games and simulations in the classroom [PowerPoint slides]. SlideShare. https://www.slideshare.net/brianhousand/game-on-iagc-2016
APA Manual pp 346-347, Section 10.14
| Author | Date | Title | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
|
Director (Director). -or- Producer (Executive Producer). -or- Host(s) (Host). |
(Year). -or- (Active time span). -or- (Year, Month Day). |
Title of work [Description]. |
Production Company. URL* -or- Label. URL -or- |
| Author | Date | Title | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
|
Writer (Writer). -or- Director (Director). -or- Producer (Producer). -or- Host(s) (Host). |
(Year). -or- (Year, Month Day). |
Title of episode (Season No., Episode No.)[Description]. |
In Producer (Executive Producer), Title of TV series. Production Company. URL* -or- In Title of podcast. Production Company. URL |
*The URL is not needed in most instances.
Film and TV Series Examples:
Johnston, J. (Director). (2011). Captain America: The first avenger [Film]. Paramount.
Simon, D., Colesberry, R.F., & Kostroff Noble, N. (Executive Producers). (2002-2008). The wire [TV series]. Blown Deadline Productions; HBO.
TV Series Episode or Webisode Examples:
Barris, K. (Writer & Director). (2017, January 11). Lemons (Season 3, Episode 120 [TV series episode]. In K. Barris, J. Groff, A. Anderson, E.B. Dobbins, L. Fishburne, & H. Sugland (Executive Producers), Black-ish. Wimore Films; Artists First; Cinema Gypsy Productions; ABC Studios.
Oakley, B. (Writer), Weinstein, J. (Writer), & Lynch, J. (Director). (1995, May 21). Who shot Mr. Burns? (Part one) (Season 6, Episode 25) [TV series episode]. In D. Mirkin, J.L. Brooks, M. Groening, & S. Simon (Executive Producers), The Simpsons. Gracie Films; Twentieth Century Fox Film Corporation.
APA Manual pp. 342-343, Section 10.12
| Author | Date | Title | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
|
Uploader. |
(Year, Month Day). |
Title of work [Description]. |
Site Name. URL |
Examples:
Cutts, S. (2017, November 24). Happiness [Video]. Vimeo. https://vimeo.com/244405542
Fogarty, M. [Grammar Girl]. (2016, September 30). How to diagram a sentence (absolute basics) [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qm1xGfOZJc8
Harvard University. (2019, August 28). Soft robotic gripper for jellyfish [Video]. YouTube. https://youtu.be/guRoWTYfxMs
Miami University. (2013, February 7). Miami University: Love and Honor (trailer) [Video]. YouTube. http://youtu.be/O2ffDHW3Ozk
APA Manual p. 344, Section 10.12
| Author | Date | Title | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
|
Speaker or presenter. |
(Year). -or- (Year, Month Day). |
Title of work [Description]. |
Site Name. URL -or- Publisher. URL |
**For TED talks posted on YouTube, follow the YouTube/Streaming Video format.
**Cite unrecorded webinars as personal communications (APA Manual Section 8.9).
TED Talk Example:
Gierts, S. (2018). Why you should make useless things [Video]. TED Conferences. https://www.ted.com/talks/simone_giertz_why_you_should_ make_useless_things
Recorded Webinar Example:
Goldberg, J.F. (2018). Evaluating adverse drug effects [Webinar]. American Psychiatric Association. https://education.psychiatry.org/Users/ProductDetails.aspx?ActivityID=6172
APA Manual pp. 343-344, Section 10.12
| Author | Date | Title | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
|
Host. |
(Year, Month Day). |
Episode Title (Number of Episode) [Audio podcast episode]. In Podcast name. |
Publisher or Production Company. URL |
Example:
Vogt, P. J., & Goldman, A. (Hosts). (2016, May 12). On the inside (No. 64) [Audio podcast episode]. In Reply all. Gimlet. https://gimletmedia.com/shows/reply-all/brho4v/64-on-the-inside
| Media Type | Include as the Author |
|---|---|
| Film | Director |
| TV Series | Executive Producer(s) |
| TV Series episode | Writer and director of episode |
| Podcast | Host or executive producer |
| Podcast episode | Host of episode |
| Webinar | Instructor |
| Classical music album or song | Composer |
| Modern music album or song | Recording Artist |
| Artwork | Artist |
| Online Streaming Video | Person or group who uploaded the video |
| Photograph | Photographer |
In APA style your bibliography should be called References.
The reference list should be double-spaced with a hanging indent used for each citation.
Within your References list, your references should be in alphabetical order based on the author's last name. If there is no author listed, use the title of the source.
| Author | Date | Title | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
|
Composer(s). -or- Artist(s). -or- Host(s). |
(Year) -or- (Year, Month Day). -or- (Years active) |
Title of work [Description]. -or- Title of song [Description]. -or- Title of episode (Episode No.) [Description]. |
Label. -or- On Title of album. Label. -or- In Title of podcast. Production Company. URL |
*If the song has no associated album (as in the Childish Gambino example), omit that part of the reference.
*Include a URL in the reference if that is the only means of retrieval, such as with artists who use SoundCloud.
Album Example:
Bowie, D. (2016). Blackstar [Album]. Columbia.
Song Examples:
Childish Gambino. (2018). This is America [Song]. mcDJ; RCA.
Lamar, K. (2017). Humble [Song]. On Damn. Aftermath Entertainment; Interscope Records; Top Dawg Entertainment.
Podcast Examples:
Full show: Vedantam, S. (Host). (2015-present). Hidden brain [Audio podcast]. NPR. https://www.npr.org/series/423302056/hidden-brain
Episode: Glass, I. (Host). (2011, August 12). Amusement park (No. 443) [Audio podcast episode]. In This American life. WBEZ Chicago. https://www.thisamericanlife.org/radio-archives/episode/443/amusement-park
APA Manual pp. 344-345, Section 10.13
| Author | Date | Title | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
|
Author(s). -or- Name of Group. |
(Year) |
Title of work (Version No.) [Description]. -or- Name of apparatus or equipment (Model No.) [Description]. -or- Title of entry. |
Publisher. URL -or- App Store. URL -or- Google Play Store. URL -or- In Title of work (Version No.) [Mobile app]. Publisher Name or App Store. URL |
Software Example:
Borenstein, M., Hedges, L., Higgins, J., & Rothstein, H. (2014). Comprehensive meta-analysis (Version 3.3.070) [Computer software]. Biostat. https://www.meta-analysis.com/
Apparatus or Equipment Examples:
SR Research. (2016). Eyelink 1000 plus [Apparatus and software]. https://www.sr-research.com/eyelink-1000-plus/
Tactile Labs. (2015). Latero tactile display [Apparatus]. http://tactilelabs.com/products/haptics/latero-tactile-display/
Mobile App Example:
Epocrates. (2019). Epocrates medical references (Version 18.12) [Mobile app]. App Store. https://apps.apple.com/us/app/epocrates/id281935788
Entry in a mobile app reference work: Epocrates. (2019). Interaction check: Aspirin + sertraline. In Epocrates medical references (Version 18.12) [Mobile app]. Google Play Store. https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.epocrates&hl=en_US
APA Manual pp. 338-340, Section 10.10